Kulo shicilelo, siyaqhubeka nokuqonda kwethu iiplastiki ngokwembono yekhemikhali.
Iipropathi zeplastiki: Iipropathi zeplastiki zixhomekeke kwimichiza ekhoyo kwiiyunithi ezincinci, indlela ezo nxalenye zicwangciswa ngayo, kunye nendlela ezilungiswa ngayo.Zonke iiplastiki ziipolymers, kodwa ayizizo zonke iipolima eziziplastiki.Iipolima zePlastiki zenziwe ngamatyathanga amasuntswana adityanisiweyo abizwa ngokuba ziimonomers.Ukuba iimonomers ezifanayo zidibene, i-homopolymer yenziwa.Iimonomers ezahlukeneyo zidityanisiwe ukwenza ii-copolymers.I-homopolymers kunye ne-copolymers ingaba ngumgca okanye i-branched.Ezinye iipropathi zeplastiki zibandakanya: Iiplastiki zihlala ziqinile.Ziyakwazi ukuba yi-amorphous solids, i-crystalline solids okanye i-semi-crystalline solids (i-microcrystals).Iiplastiki zidla ngokuba ziiconductor ezihlwempuzekileyo zobushushu nombane.Uninzi lwazo zi-insulators ezinamandla aphezulu e-dielectric.Iipholima zeglasi zithande ukuba nzima (umz., i-polystyrene).Nangona kunjalo, iiflakes zezi polymers zinokusetyenziswa njengefilimu (umz. i-polyethylene).Phantse zonke iiplastiki zibonisa ubude xa ucinezelekile kwaye azibuyi xa uxinzelelo luphelile.Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi "creep".Iiplastiki zithande ukuhlala ixesha elide kwaye zithobe kancinci kancinci.
Ezinye iinyani malunga neeplastiki: Iplastiki yokuqala eyenziwe ngokupheleleyo yayiyi-BAKELITE, eyenziwa ngu-LEO BAEKELAND ngo-1907. Kwakhona waqamba igama elithi "iplastiki".Igama elithi "iplastiki" livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi PLASTIKOS, elithetha ukuba inokubunjwa okanye ibunjwe.Malunga nesinye kwisithathu seplastiki eveliswayo isetyenziselwa ukwenza ukupakisha.Esinye isithathu sisetyenziselwa ukujikeleza kunye nemibhobho yamanzi.Iplastiki ecocekileyo ayinyibiliki ngokubanzi emanzini kwaye ayinayo ityhefu.Nangona kunjalo, izongezo ezininzi kwiiplastiki zinetyhefu kwaye zinokungena kwindawo.Imizekelo yezongezo eziyityhefu ziquka iiphthalates.Iipholima ezingeyiyo ityhefu nazo zinokuhle zibe yimichiza xa zishushu.
Emva kokufunda oku, ngaba uye wakwenza nzulu ukuqonda kwakho ngeeplastiki?
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-17-2022