Ngenxa yokuba iplastiki inobunzima obulula, ukuqina okuhle, kulula ukwenza.Iingenelo zeendleko eziphantsi, ngoko ke kwishishini lanamhlanje kunye neemveliso zemihla ngemihla, ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki ngakumbi nangaphezulu endaweni yeglasi, ngakumbi kwizixhobo ze-optical kunye neshishini lokupakisha, kuphuhliswa ngakumbi ngokukhawuleza.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yemfuno yokungafihli kakuhle, ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo entle, ukubunjwa kweplastiki, inkqubo yokubumba inaliti, izixhobo.Ukungunda, njl.njl., kufuneka yenze umsebenzi omninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi plastiki (emva koku zibizwa ngokuba yiplastiki ecacileyo) isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha iglasi, umgangatho womphezulu ulungile, ukuze uhlangabezane neemfuno zokusetyenziswa.
Iiplastiki ezingafihliyo ezidla ngokusetyenziswa kwimarike yipolymethyl methacrylate (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-methacrylate okanye iglasi ephilayo, ikhowudi ye-PMMA) kunye nepolycarbonate (ikhowudi yePC).I-Polyethylene terephthalate (ikhowudi ye-PET), inayiloni ecacileyo.AS(i-acrylene-styrene copolymer), i-polysulfone(igama lekhowudi ye-PSF), njl., apho siboniswa kakhulu kwi-PMMA.Ngenxa yesithuba esilinganiselweyo se-PC kunye ne-PET iiplastiki ezintathu, oku kulandelayo kuthatha ezi plastiki zintathu njengomzekelo ukuxoxa ngeempawu zeeplastiki ezicacileyo kunye neenkqubo zokubumba inaliti.
Ukusebenza kweeplastiki ezicacileyo
Iiplastiki ezicacileyo kufuneka zibe nokungafihlisi okuphezulu kuqala, kulandele inqanaba elithile lamandla kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, zinokuxhathisa ukothuka, iindawo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu zilungile, ukuxhathisa kweekhemikhali kugqwesile, kwaye ukufunxa kwamanzi kuncinci.Kuphela ngale ndlela ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokungafihli.Utshintsho lwexesha elide.I-PC lukhetho olufanelekileyo, kodwa ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nobunzima bokubumba inaliti, isasebenzisa i-PMMA njengolona khetho luphambili (kwiimveliso ezifunwa ngokuqhelekileyo), kwaye iPPT kufuneka yolulwe ukufumana iipropati ezilungileyo zomatshini. .Ke ngoko, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwipakethe kunye nezikhongozeli.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezimele ziqatshelwe ngexesha lokutofa iiplastiki ezicacileyo
Ngenxa yokukhanya okuphezulu kokukhanya kweeplastiki ezicacileyo, akunakuphepheka ukuba umgangatho womphezulu weemveliso zeplastiki kufuneka ube ngqongqo, kwaye kungabikho uphawu, i-stomata, kunye nomhlophe.I-Fog Halo, amabala amnyama, i-discoloration, i-luster engafanelekanga kunye nezinye iziphene, ngoko ke yonke inkqubo yokubumba i-injection kwizinto ezikrwada, izixhobo.Umngundo, kwanoyilo lweemveliso, kufuneka lulumke kakhulu kwaye lubeke phambili iimfuno ezingqongqo okanye ezikhethekileyo.
Okwesibini, ngenxa yokuba iiplastiki ezicacileyo zinendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu kunye nokungabi namali, ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho womphezulu wemveliso, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukwenza uhlengahlengiso olungephi kwiiparamitha zenkqubo ezifana nobushushu bombhobho, uxinzelelo lwenaliti, kunye nesantya sokutofa, ukuba iplastiki inokuzaliswa ngokubumba.Ayivelisi uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwaye ibangele ukuguqulwa kwemveliso kunye nokuqhekeka.
Kwizixhobo kunye neemfuno zokungunda, inkqubo yokubumba inaliti kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto ezikrwada zemveliso, ukuxoxa ngemiba ekufuneka iqatshelwe:
Ukulungiswa kunye nokomisa izinto eziluhlaza ngenxa yobukho balo naluphi na umkhondo wokungcola kwiplastiki kunokuchaphazela ukucaca kwemveliso, ngoko ke ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokutya, ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ekutywinweni nasekuqinisekiseni ukuba izinto eziluhlaza zicocekile.Ngokukodwa, izinto eziluhlaza ziqulethe umswakama, obangela ukuba izinto eziluhlaza ziphazamiseke emva kokufudumeza.Ngoko ke, kufuneka yomiswe, kwaye xa ubumba, iHopper yokomisa kufuneka isetyenziswe.Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngexesha lokumisa, igalelo lomoya kufuneka licocwe kwaye lihlanjululwe ukuze liqinisekise ukuba aliyi kungcolisa izinto eziluhlaza.
Ukucocwa kweetyhubhu, izikrufu kunye nezixhobo
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukungcoliswa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nobukho bezinto ezindala okanye ukungcola kwi-screw kunye ne-depressions ye-accessory, i-resin enozinzo olubi lwe-thermal lukhona.Ngoko ke, ii-agent zokucoca i-screw zisetyenziselwa ukucoca iziqwenga ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa nasemva kokuvalwa, ukwenzela ukuba zingabambeleli kwizinto ezingcolileyo., Xa kungekho arhente yokucoca isikrufu, i-PE, i-PS kunye nenye i-resin ingasetyenziselwa ukucoca i-screw.
Xa ukuvalwa kwexeshana, ukwenzela ukukhusela izinto eziluhlaza ukuba zihlale kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ixesha elide kwaye zibangele ukuhla, ubushushu bomshini wokomisa kunye nombhobho kufuneka buncitshiswe, njengokushisa kwePC, i-PMMA kunye nezinye iibhubhu. kufuneka ithotywe ngaphantsi kwe-160 °C.(Ubushushu beHopper kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kwe-100 °C kwiPC)
Iingxaki kuyilo lokufa (kubandakanywa noyilo lwemveliso).
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukubonakala kokungahambi kakuhle komqolo, okanye ukupholisa okungalinganiyo okukhokelela ekubunjweni kweplastiki engalunganga, okukhokelela kwiziphene kunye nokuwohloka.
Ngokubanzi kuyilo lokungunda, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kula manqaku alandelayo:
Ubukhulu bodonga kufuneka bufane ngokusemandleni, ukuthambekela kokudiliza kufuneka kube kukhulu ngokwaneleyo;
Icandelo lenguqu kufuneka libe ngokuthe ngcembe.Inguqu egudileyo ukuthintela iikona ezibukhali.Isizukulwana esibukhali, ngakumbi iimveliso zePC akufuneki zibe nezithuba;
Isango.Umjelo kufuneka ube banzi kwaye ube mfutshane ngokusemandleni, kwaye indawo yesango kufuneka ibekwe ngokwenkqubo ye-shrinkage condensation.Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iqula elibandayo kufuneka lifakwe;
Umphezulu wesikhunta kufuneka ube bushelelezi kwaye uburhabaxa obuphantsi (ngokukhethekileyo ngaphantsi kwe-0.8);
Ukukhupha.Itanki kufuneka yanele ukukhupha umoya kunye negesi kwi-melted ngexesha elifanelekileyo;
Ngaphandle kwe-PET, ubukhulu bodonga akufunekanga bube mncinci kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-lmm;
Imiba ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kwinkqubo yokutofa (kubandakanywa neemfuno zoomatshini bokubumba inaliti).
Ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye neziphene ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kule miba ilandelayo kwinkqubo yokutofa:
Umatshini wokubumba inaliti ene-screw ekhethekileyo kunye nombhobho wokulawula ubushushu ohlukeneyo kufuneka kukhethwe;
Ubushushu benaliti kufuneka bube phezulu phantsi kwesiseko sokuba i-resin yeplastiki ayiboli;
Uxinzelelo lwe-injection: Ngokuqhelekileyo phezulu, ukunqoba isiphene se-viscosity enkulu yokunyibilika, kodwa uxinzelelo luphezulu kakhulu luya kuvelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangela ubunzima bokudiliza kunye nokuguqulwa;
Isantya se-injection: Kwimeko yendlela yokuzalisa eyanelisayo, ngokuqhelekileyo iphantsi, ngokukhethekileyo i-slow-fast-slow-slow-slow multi-stage injection;
Ixesha lokubamba uxinzelelo kunye nexesha lokubumba: Kwimeko yokuzaliswa kwemveliso eyanelisayo, akukho ukudakumba okanye amaqamza avelisiweyo;Kufuneka ibe mfutshane kangangoko ukunciphisa ixesha elichithwe kwifuse;
Isantya se-Screw kunye noxinzelelo lwangasemva: phantsi kwesiseko sokwanelisa umgangatho weplastiki, kufuneka kube yinto ephantsi kangangoko ukuthintela ukuthotywa koxinzelelo;
Ubushushu bokufa: Ukupholisa kwemveliso kulungile okanye kubi, kwaye kunempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho.Ngoko ke, ubushushu bokufa kufuneka bukwazi ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo inkqubo.Ukuba kunokwenzeka, iqondo lobushushu lokungunda kufuneka libe phezulu.
Eminye imiba
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuwohloka komgangatho ophezulu womgangatho, ukusetyenziswa kwee-agent agents kuncinci kunokwenzeka xa kubumba;Xa kusetyenziswe imathiriyeli yangasemva kufuneka ingabi ngaphezu kwama-20.
Kwiimveliso ngaphandle kwe-PET, ukulungiswa kwakhona kufuneka kuqhutywe ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, i-PMMA kufuneka yome kwi-70-80 ° C kwiiyure ze-4;I-PC kufuneka ibe kumoya ococekileyo, i-glycerin.Iparafini elulwelo ifudunyezwa kwi-110-135 °C, ngokuxhomekeke kwimveliso, kwaye ithatha ukuya kwiiyure ezili-10.I-PET kufuneka ihambe ngeendlela ezimbini zokolula ukuze ifumane ukusebenza kakuhle koomatshini.
III.Inkqubo yokubumba i-injection yeeplastiki ezicacileyo
Iimpawu zenkqubo yeeplastiki ezicacileyo
Ukongeza kwiingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezingentla, iiplastiki ezicacileyo nazo zineempawu zenkqubo, ezichazwe ngezantsi:
1. Iimpawu zenkqubo ye-PMMA
I-PMMA ine-viscosity enkulu kunye ne-liquidity ephantsi kancinci.Ke ngoko, kufuneka itofwe ngobushushu obuphezulu bezinto kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwenaliti.Isiphumo sobushushu benaliti sikhulu kunoxinzelelo lwenaliti, kodwa uxinzelelo lwenaliti luyanda, olunceda ekuphuculeni izinga lokucutheka kwemveliso.
Uluhlu lobushushu benaliti lubanzi, iqondo lokunyibilika liyi-160 °C, kwaye iqondo lokubola lingama-270 °C.Ngoko ke, uluhlu lokulawula ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo lubanzi kwaye inkqubo ilungile.Ke ngoko, ukuphuculwa kokungabikho kwamanzi kunokuqala ngobushushu benaliti.Impembelelo imbi, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba akulunganga, kulula ukusika iintyatyambo, kulula ukuqhekeka, ngoko kufuneka kunyuse ubushushu bomngundo, kuphuculwe inkqubo ye-condensation, ukoyisa ezi ziphene.
2. Iimpawu zenkqubo yePC
I-PC ine-viscosity enkulu, ubushushu obuphezulu bokunyibilika, kunye nolwelo olubi.Ngoko ke, kufuneka ibunjwe kubushushu obuphezulu (phakathi kwe-270 kunye ne-320 °C).Uluhlu lokulawula ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo luncinci kwaye inkqubo ayilunganga njenge-PMMA.Uxinzelelo lwe-injection lunempembelelo encinci kwi-fluidity, kodwa ngenxa ye-viscosity enkulu, kusekho imfuneko yokutofa uxinzelelo.Ukuze kuthintelwe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, ixesha lokubamba kufuneka libe lifutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Izinga lokunciphisa likhulu kwaye ubungakanani buzinzile, kodwa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwemveliso lukhulu kwaye kulula ukuqhekeza.Ngoko ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuphuculwe i-fluidity ngokunyusa iqondo lokushisa kunoxinzelelo, kunye nokunciphisa ithuba lokuqhekeka ngokunyusa ukushisa kwe-mold, ukuphucula ukubunjwa kwe-mold kunye ne-post-treatment.Xa isantya sokutofa sisezantsi, iidips ziyakwazi ukukhubeka kunye nezinye iziphene.Ubushushu bomlomo wemitha kufuneka ilawulwe ngokwahlukeneyo, iqondo lobushushu lokungunda kufuneka libe phezulu, kwaye umjelo wokuhamba kunye nokumelana nesango kufuneka kube kuncinci.
3. Iimpawu zenkqubo yePET
Ubushushu bokubumba i-PET buphezulu, kwaye uluhlu lolawulo lobushushu lezinto eziphathekayo limxinwa (260-300 °C), kodwa emva kokunyibilika, ulwelo lulungile, ngoko ke inkqubo imbi, kwaye isixhobo esilwa ne-anti-ductile sihlala sidityaniswa kumbhobho. .Amandla omatshini kunye nokusebenza emva kwenaliti ayiphezulu, kufuneka ibe yinkqubo yokuqina kunye nokuguqulwa ukuphucula ukusebenza.
Ulawulo lobushushu bokufa luchanekile, kukuthintela ukulwa.Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ukufa kwejelo elitshisayo.Iqondo lokushisa lokubumba kufuneka libe phezulu, ngaphandle koko liya kubangela ukuhluka kwegloss yomhlaba kunye nobunzima bokubunjwa.
Iziphene kunye nezisombululo zamalungu eplastiki acacileyo
Mhlawumbi kukho ezi ziphene zilandelayo:
Imigca yesilivere
Ngenxa yempembelelo ye-Anisotropy yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ngexesha lokuzaliswa kunye nokunciphisa, uxinzelelo oluveliswa kwicala elithe nkqo lubangela ukuba i-resin ihambe kwi-orientation, ngelixa i-non-flow orientation ivelisa i-index refractive eyahlukeneyo kwaye ivelise imigca ye-silk ekhanyayo.Xa isanda, Inokubangela iintanda kwimveliso.Ukongeza kwinkqubo yokutofa kunye nengqalelo yokubumba, eyona mveliso ilungileyo yonyango lwe-annealing.Ukuba izinto ze-PC zinokufudumeza ngaphezu kwe-160 ° C kwi-3-5 imizuzu, inokupholiswa ngokwemvelo.
Ibhaqa
Irhasi yamanzi kunye nezinye iigesi ezikwiresin azinakukhutshelwa, (kwinkqubo ye-die condensation) okanye ngenxa yokungagcwali okungonelanga, umphezulu we-condensation ukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye ujiya ukwenza i-vacuum bubble.
Iglosi yomphezulu engalunganga
Esona sizathu siphambili kukuba uburhabaxa bomngundo bukhulu, kwaye kwelinye icala, i-condensation isekuqaleni kakhulu ukwenza i-resin ingakwazi ukukopa umphezulu wokubumba.Zonke ezi zinto zenza umphezulu wokungunda ungalingani kwaye ubangele ukuba imveliso ilahlekelwe ukuqaqamba.
Ipateni yokothuka
Ibhekisa kwimibhobhozo exineneyo eyenziwe ukusuka kwisango elithe ngqo.Isizathu kukuba ngenxa ye-viscosity egqithisileyo ye-melt, i-front end material iye yagxininiswa kwi-cavity, kwaye kamva i-material yaphuka kulo mhlaba wokuxinana, okwenza ukuba kuvele umphezulu.
Inkungu emhlophe Halo
Ikakhulu ibangelwa luthuli oluwela kwizinto eziluhlaza emoyeni okanye umxholo wezinto eziluhlaza mkhulu kakhulu.
Umsi omhlophe amabala amnyama
Ngokukodwa ngenxa yeplastiki esemgqonyeni, ngenxa yokushisa kwendawo okubangelwa ukubola okanye ukuwohloka kwe-resin yombhobho kwaye yenziwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-23-2020