Iincindi zeminye imithi zidla ngokwenza iintlaka.Kwangowe-1872, i-chemist yaseJamani u-A. Bayer waqala wafumanisa ukuba i-phenol kunye ne-formaldehyde inokukhawuleza ukwenza amaqhuma abomvu-brown okanye izinto ezincangathi xa ishushu phantsi kweemeko ze-asidi, kodwa ayinakucocwa ngeendlela zakudala.kwaye uyeke umfuniselo.Emva kwenkulungwane yama-20, i-phenol inokufumaneka ngobuninzi obuvela kwitela yamalahle, kwaye i-formaldehyde nayo iveliswa ngobuninzi njengento yokulondoloza, ngoko ke iimveliso zokusabela kwezi zimbini zikhangeleka kakhulu, kwaye kunethemba lokuphuhlisa iimveliso eziluncedo, nangona zininzi. abantu bachithe umsebenzi omninzi ngenxa yayo., kodwa ayizange iphumelele iziphumo ezilindelekileyo.
Ngo-1904, u-Beckland kunye nabancedisi bakhe nabo benza olu phando.Injongo yokuqala yayikukwenza iipeyinti zokugquma ezithatha indawo yeentlaka zendalo.Emva kweminyaka emithathu yomsebenzi onzima, ehlotyeni ka-1907, kungekhona kuphela iipeyinti zokukhusela eziveliswayo, kwaye zavelisa izinto eziphathekayo zeplastiki - iBakelite, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "bakelite", "bakelite" okanye i-phenolic resin.Nje ukuba i-Bakelite iphume, abavelisi bakhawuleza bafumanisa ukuba ayinakwenza kuphela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufakelwa kombane, kodwa nokwenza iimfuno zemihla ngemihla.Ndiyamthanda uT. Edison ngokwenza iirekhodi, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ubhengezwe kwiintengiso ukuba amawaka eemveliso zenziwe ngeBakelite., Ngoko ke ukuveliswa kweBaekeland kwanconywa “njengealchemy” yenkulungwane yama-20.
Ngaphambi kwe-1940, i-phenolic resin ene-tar yamalahle njengesuntswana langaphambili lihlala lihlala kwindawo yokuqala kwimveliso yee-resin ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa, ezifikelela ngaphezu kwe-200,000 yeetoni ngonyaka, kodwa ukususela ngoko, ngophuhliso lweshishini le-petrochemical, i-polymerized synthetic resins ezifana ne-polyethylene. imveliso ye, i-polypropylene, i-polyvinyl chloride kunye ne-polystyrene nayo iqhubekile ukwandisa.Ngokusekwa kweefektri ezininzi ezinkulu ezinemveliso yonyaka ngaphezulu kwe-100,000 yeetoni zezi mveliso, ziye zaba ziindidi ezine zeentlaka zokwenziwa ezinemveliso enkulu namhlanje.
Namhlanje, iirasi zokwenziwa kunye nezongezo zingasetyenziselwa ukufumana iimveliso zeplastiki ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubumba.Kukho intaphane yeendidi zeplastiki, kwaye imveliso yonyaka yehlabathi imalunga ne-120 lezigidi zeetoni.Ziye zaba zizinto ezisisiseko kwimveliso, ubomi kunye nokwakhiwa kokhuselo lwelizwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-12-2022