Imbali yezinto ezidibeneyo zeplastiki
Xa izinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezahlukeneyo zidityanisiwe, umphumo uba yinto edibeneyo.Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala kwezinto ezidibeneyo kuqale kwi-1500 BC, xa amaYiputa amandulo kunye nabahlali baseMesopotamiya baxuba udaka kunye neendiza ukudala izakhiwo ezomeleleyo nezizinzileyo.I-Straw iyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngokuqiniswa kweemveliso zakudala ezihlanganisiweyo eziquka izinto zomdongwe kunye neenqanawa.
Kamva, ngo-1200 AD, amaMongol avelisa isaphetha sokuqala esidityanisiweyo.
Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yomthi, amathambo kunye "neglue yezilwanyana", isaphetha sihlanganiswe kwi-birch bark.Ezi zaphetha zinamandla kwaye zichanekile.Isaphetha saseMongolia sanceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba uGenghis Khan ulawula emkhosini.
Ukuzalwa "kwePlastiki Era"
Xa izazinzulu zenza iiplastiki, ixesha lanamhlanje lezinto ezidibeneyo zaqala.Ngaphambi koku, iintlaka zendalo eziphuma kwizityalo nezilwanyana zazikuphela komthombo wokuncamathelisa nokuncamathelisa.Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, iiplastiki ezifana ne-vinyl, i-polystyrene, i-phenolic kunye ne-polyester zaphuhliswa.Ezi zixhobo zitsha zokwenziwa zibhetele kuneesins eziphuma kwindalo.
Nangona kunjalo, iplastiki yodwa ayikwazi ukunika amandla aneleyo kwezinye izicelo zesakhiwo.Ukuqiniswa kuyafuneka ukunika amandla okongeziweyo kunye nokuqina.
Ngowe-1935, i-Owens Corning (i-Owens Corning) yazisa i-fiber yeglasi yokuqala, i-glass fiber.Indibaniselwano yefiber yeglasi kunye nepolymer yeplastiki ivelisa isakhiwo esomeleleyo esikwakhaphukhaphu.
Esi sisiqalo soshishino lwe-fiber reinforced polymer (FRP).
IMfazwe Yehlabathi II-Ukukhuthaza ukutsha kwizinto ezidibeneyo
Uninzi lwenkqubela phambili enkulu kwizinto ezidibeneyo ziziphumo zeemfuno zexesha lemfazwe.Kanye njengokuba amaMongolia aphuhlisa izaphetha ezihlanganisiweyo, iMfazwe Yehlabathi II yazisa ishishini le-FRP ukusuka elabhoratri ukuya kwimveliso yokwenyani.
Usetyenziso olukhaphukhaphu lwenqwelomoya yomkhosi lufuna ezinye izixhobo.Iinjineli zakhawuleza zaqaphela ezinye iingenelo zemathiriyeli edibeneyo, ngaphezu kokukhaphukhaphu kunye namandla.Ngokomzekelo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba izinto zeglasi zefiber composite zaziselubala kwiifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo, kwaye ezo zinto zazifaneleka ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela izixhobo ze-radar ze-elektroniki (iRadomes).
Ukuziqhelanisa nezixhobo ezidibeneyo: "isithuba sexesha" ukuya "kwimihla ngemihla"
Ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, imboni encinci ye-niche composites yayikwinguqu epheleleyo.Ngokuhla kwemfuno yeemveliso zomkhosi, inani elincinci labaqulunqi bezinto ezidibeneyo ngoku basebenza ukwazisa izinto ezidibeneyo kwezinye iimarike.Inqanawa yimveliso ecacileyo enenzuzo.Isakhiwo sokuqala sorhwebo esiyintlanganisela sasungulwa ngowe-1946.
Ngeli xesha, i-Brandt Goldsworthy idla ngokubizwa ngokuba "ngutatomkhulu we-composites" kwaye iphuhlise iinkqubo ezininzi zokwenziwa kweemveliso kunye neemveliso, kubandakanya nebhodi yokuqala ye-fiberglass, eyaguqula umdlalo.
I-Goldsworthy ikwayila inkqubo yokuvelisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-pultrusion, evumela iimveliso ezinokwethenjelwa kunye nezomeleleyo zeglasi.Namhlanje, iimveliso eziveliswe kule nkqubo ziquka iingoma zeleli, izibambo zezixhobo, imibhobho, iintolo zotolo, isikrweqe, imigangatho kaloliwe, kunye nezixhobo zonyango.
Inkqubela eqhubekayo kwizinto ezidibeneyo
Ishishini lezinto ezihlanganisiweyo laqala ukukhula ngeminyaka yoo-1970.Phuhlisa iintlaka ezingcono zeplastiki kunye neentsinga eziphuculweyo zokuqinisa.Kuphuhliswe uhlobo lwefayibha ye-aramid ebizwa ngokuba yiKevlar, eye yaba lukhetho lokuqala lwezixhobo zomzimba ngenxa yamandla aso aphezulu, ukuxinana okuphezulu kunye nobunzima obulula.Ikharbon fiber nayo yaphuhliswa ngeli xesha;iya isanda kutshintsha iindawo ezenziwe ngentsimbi ngaphambili.
Ishishini le-composites lisakhula, kwaye uninzi lokukhula lusekwe ikakhulu kumandla ahlaziyekayo.Amagqabi einjini yomoya, ngakumbi, aqhubeleka nokutyhala imiqobo yobungakanani kwaye afune imathiriyeli edityanisiweyo ephezulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-21-2021