Iimpawu eziphambili kunye noLwakhiwo lweMolekyuli yePlastiki

Iipropati ezahlukeneyo zeplastiki zinquma ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwishishini.Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, uphando malunga nokuguqulwa kweplastiki aluyekanga.Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili zeeplastiki?
1. Iiplastiki ezininzi zinobunzima obukhaphukhaphu, azinzile ngokwekhemikhali, kwaye aziyi kuhlwa;
2. Ukumelana nempembelelo elungileyo;
3. Inokubonakala kakuhle kunye nokumelana nokugqoka;
4. I-insulation efanelekileyo kunye ne-low conductivity ye-thermal;
5. Ukubunjwa ngokubanzi kunye nombala kulungile, kwaye iindleko zokucubungula ziphantsi;
6. Uninzi lweeplastiki zinokumelana nokushisa okungahambi kakuhle, izinga eliphezulu lokunyuka kwe-thermal kwaye kulula ukutshisa;
7. Uzinzo olubi lwe-dimensional kunye nokulula ukukhubaza;
8. Uninzi lweeplastiki zinokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, ziba brittle kubushushu obuphantsi kwaye kulula ukuguga;
9. Ezinye iiplastiki zinyibilika ngokulula kwizinyibilikisi.
10. Iiplastiki zinokuhlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini: i-thermosetting kunye ne-thermoplastic.Eyangaphambili ayinakubunjwa ngokutsha ukuze isetyenziswe, kwaye le yokugqibela inokuveliswa kwakhona.I-Thermoplasticity inobude obukhulu bomzimba, ngokubanzi i-50% ukuya kuma-500%.Amandla awahlukani ngokupheleleyo ngokulandelelana kobude obahlukeneyo.

Kukho ngokusisiseko iintlobo ezimbini zezakhiwo ze-molecular of plastics: eyokuqala yisakhiwo somgca, kwaye i-polymer compound kunye nesi sakhiwo ibizwa ngokuba yi-polymer compound;eyesibini yisakhiwo somzimba, kwaye i-polymer compound kunye nesi sakhiwo ibizwa ngokuba yi-compound.Yikhompawundi yepolymer eninzi.Ezinye iipolymers zinamatyathanga ebranched, abizwa ngokuba ziipolymers zebranched, ezesakhelo somgca.Nangona ezinye iipolymers zineekhonkco ezinqamlezileyo phakathi kweemolekyuli, kodwa i-cross-link encinci, ebizwa ngokuba yi-network structure, iyingxenye yesakhiwo somzimba.
Izakhiwo ezibini ezahlukeneyo, ezibonisa iimpawu ezimbini ezichaseneyo.Isakhiwo somgca, ukufudumeza kunokunyibilika, ubulukhuni obuncinci kunye ne-brittleness.Isakhiwo somzimba sinobunzima obukhulu kunye nokuqina.Iiplastiki zinezakhiwo ezibini zeepolymers, i-thermoplastics eyenziwe ngeepolymers ezinqamlekileyo, kunye neeplastiki ze-thermosetting ezenziwe ngeepolima ezininzi.