Ngubani owasungula iplastiki?

Iingxowa zeplastiki ziyimfuneko yemihla ngemihla enokuthi ibonakale kuyo yonke indawo ebomini bethu, ngoko ngubani owasungula iplastiki?Ngokwenene yayiluvavanyo lomfoti kwigumbi elimnyama elakhokelela ekudalweni kweplastiki yokuqala.

I-Alexander Parks inezinto ezininzi zokuzonwabisa, ukufota yenye yazo.Ngenkulungwane ye-19, abantu babengakwazi ukuthenga iifilimu neekhemikhali esele zenziwe njengoko besenza namhlanje, kwaye ngokufuthi kwakufuneka benze oko babekufuna ngokwabo.Ke wonke umfoti kufuneka abe yikhemisti.Enye yezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukufota "i-collagen", isisombululo se "nitrocellulose", oko kukuthi, isisombululo se-nitrocellulose kwi-alcohol kunye ne-ether.Ngelo xesha yayisetyenziselwa ukuncamathelisa iikhemikhali ezingeva lula ukukhanya kwiglasi ukwenza into elingana nefilimu yanamhlanje yokufota.Ngeminyaka yee-1850, iiPaki zajonga iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokujongana ne-collodion.Ngenye imini wazama ukuxuba i-collodion kunye ne-camphor.Okwamothusayo kukuba, ukuxubana kwaphumela kwinto egotywayo, elukhuni.IiPaki ezibizwa ngokuba yi "Paxine," kwaye yayiyiplastiki yokuqala leyo.Iipaki zenze zonke iintlobo zezinto "Paxine": ii-combs, iipeni, amaqhosha kunye neprints zobucwebe.UPaki, nangona kunjalo, wayengenamdla kangako kwishishini kwaye waphulukana nemali kumashishini akhe.

Ngenkulungwane yama-20, abantu baqala ukufumanisa iindlela ezintsha zokusetyenziswa kweeplastiki.Phantse yonke into esekhaya inokwenziwa ngohlobo oluthile lweplastiki.Kwashiyelwa kwabanye abaqambi ukuba baqhubeke nokuphuhlisa nokwenza inzuzo kumsebenzi weePaki.UJohn Wesley Hayat, umshicileli waseNew York, walibona eli thuba ngowe-1868, xa inkampani eyenza iibhiliyoni yayikhalazela ukunqongophala kweempondo zendlovu.UHayat uphucule inkqubo yokuvelisa kwaye wanika "iPakxin" igama elitsha - "celluloid".Wafumana imarike esele ilungile kubavelisi bebhiliyoni, kwaye akuzange kube kudala ngaphambi kokuba enze iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ngeplastiki.Iiplastiki zamandulo zazinomlilo, nto leyo eyayinciphisa uluhlu lweemveliso ezinokuthi zenziwe kuyo.Iplastiki yokuqala yokumelana ngempumelelo nobushushu obuphezulu yayiyi "Berkelet".U-Leo Backlund wafumana ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ngo-1909. Ngo-1909, i-Baekeland yase-United States yenza iiplastiki ze-phenolic okokuqala.

Ngeminyaka yoo-1930, inayiloni yaphinda yaziswa, kwaye yayibizwa ngokuba “yintsinga eyenziwe ngamalahle, umoya kunye namanzi, ibhityile kunesilika yesigcawu, yomelele kunentsimbi, kwaye ingcono kunesilika”.Inkangeleko yabo yabeka isiseko sokuveliswa kunye nokuveliswa kweeplastiki ezahlukeneyo emva koko.Ngenxa yophuhliso lweshishini lepetrochemical kwiMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi, imathiriyeli ekrwada yeplastiki yathatha indawo yamalahle ngepetroleum, kwaye ishishini lokwenziwa kweeplastiki nalo lakhula ngokukhawuleza.Iplastiki yinto elula kakhulu enokuthi ithambe ngokuyifudumeza kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi kakhulu, kwaye inokubunjwa ibe yiyo nantoni na oyifunayo.Iimveliso zePlastiki zinemibala ekhanyayo, ilula ngesisindo, ingesabi ukuwa, iqoqosho kunye nokuqina.Ukufika kwayo akuzisi nje lula kakhulu kubomi babantu, kodwa kukwakhuthaza kakhulu uphuhliso lweshishini.